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The Battle to Believe

Black Water (Joyce Carol Oates Edition)

This flow traces Kelly Kelleher’s changing struggle between panic and optimism as she tries to stay alive in the submerged car.

increasingupBearing stren­gth in each eventdowndecreasing
The Question of DeathThe Question of Death from "Black Water". Naming the Possibility A direct fear Kelly Kelleher wonders whether she is going to die like this.
Naming the Possibility A direct fear Kelly Kelleher wonders whether she is going to die like this. The question returns as the overturned car makes escape uncertain. A mind seeking terms Asking the question gives shape to an event she cannot control. Its repetition registers both her terror and her continued awareness that she is still alive.
The Promise of RescueThe Promise of Rescue from "Black Water". Holding on to a Possibility An explanation made hopeful Kelly Kelleher believes The Senator has gone to find help and will return.
Holding on to a Possibility An explanation made hopeful Kelly Kelleher believes The Senator has gone to find help and will return. She imagines him calling for an ambulance or diving back into the water. Hope as endurance The belief lets her keep fighting, but the narrative shows that she cannot confirm it. Her hope is psychologically necessary and factually uncertain.
Memory as EvidenceMemory as Evidence from "Black Water". Previous Rescues Remembered Lisa’s survival Kelly Kelleher recalls Lisa Gardiner’s resuscitation and believes that a person can return from apparent death.
Previous Rescues Remembered Lisa’s survival Kelly Kelleher recalls Lisa Gardiner’s resuscitation and believes that a person can return from apparent death. The memory gives her a precedent for rescue. A personal vow She also remembers promising herself after G----- that she would not take her own life. In the car, survival becomes a duty she tries to fulfill one breath at a time.
A Small Air BubbleA Small Air Bubble from "Black Water". The Physical Basis of Hope A visible reserve Kelly Kelleher finds a pocket of air and interprets it as evidence that she can endure until help arrives.
The Physical Basis of Hope A visible reserve Kelly Kelleher finds a pocket of air and interprets it as evidence that she can endure until help arrives. She works to keep her mouth near it despite injury and confusion. Hope meets measurement The bubble shrinks, giving the danger a visible measure. Her optimism must coexist with the physical fact that the cabin continues to flood.
The Belief OutlastedThe Belief Outlasted from "Black Water". Hope Without Rescue Refusing surrender Kelly Kelleher continues to imagine survival and a return to those she loves.
Hope Without Rescue Refusing surrender Kelly Kelleher continues to imagine survival and a return to those she loves. Her mind creates scenes in which she is freed and once again able to move through the open air. The limit of optimism She dies despite her effort and conviction. The ending does not mock hope; it shows that hope cannot guarantee rescue when physical circumstances overwhelm it.
At the opening moments of the accident
Minutes after The Senator escapes
As the trapped minutes continue
Later in the submerged struggle
At the end of the drowning