Groningen Protocol

The Groningen Protocol appears in the book as a cited subject rather than a rule described in detail. The reference identifies it with euthanasia in severely ill newborns, but supplies no account of its criteria, procedures, or use.

Bibliographic Reference

The book’s reference 101 cites Eduard Verhagen and Pieter J. J. Sauer’s article, “The Groningen Protocol—Euthanasia in Severely Ill Newborns,” published in the New England Journal of Medicine, volume 352 (2005), pages 959–962. This establishes the protocol’s connection to the article’s stated subject and places the source in a 2005 medical-journal context.

Limits of the Account

The reference is the book’s only direct evidence about the protocol. It does not summarize the article or state what the protocol requires, how decisions are made, or what safeguards apply. Accordingly, the book’s mention supports identifying the topic and source, but not a fuller description of the rule.