Trust and Informed Consent
Hepatitis C in Renal Disease, Hemodialysis and TransplantationThis flow traces the relationship between organ scarcity, patient consent, and the use of HCV-positive donor kidneys.
increasing
Bearing strength in each event
decreasing
Scarcity Pressure

Scarcity Pressure
A narrowing choice
Long waits expose patients to dialysis mortality and disease progression. An HCV-positive donor kidney may offer earlier transplantation but carries transmission risk.
The emotional stakes
Consent is not abstract when the alternative is years of uncertainty. The patient must understand both the danger of the organ and the danger of waiting.
Transparent Offer

Transparent Offer
Information before acceptance
Clinicians explain donor viremia, possible superinfection, genotype mismatch, and expected outcomes. The patient’s consent must precede the emergency of organ allocation.
Respect within urgency
The offer treats the patient as a decision-maker rather than a passive recipient. Trust grows when uncertainty is disclosed instead of concealed.
Shared Risk

Shared Risk
Consequences accepted
The patient may receive a kidney sooner but remains vulnerable to viral transmission or superinfection. Follow-up must honor the risk that was accepted at consent.
Ethical resolution
The transplant is justified not because risk disappears, but because informed choice and comparative survival make the risk reasonable. Responsibility continues after the operation.
during prolonged waiting
when a suitable HCV-positive kidney becomes available
after transplantation from an HCV-positive donor