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The Rise and Failure of World Unity

Last and First Men

This flow follows the recurring hope that humanity can overcome tribal divisions, from postwar cooperation to an imposed and ultimately empty world order.

increasingupBearing stren­gth in each eventdowndecreasing
Peace After WarPeace After War from "Last and First Men". The First International Opening A new allegiance The European War generates a sincere desire for peace and human unity.
The First International Opening A new allegiance The European War generates a sincere desire for peace and human unity. The League of Nations becomes a visible focus for loyalties larger than the nation. A partial achievement The institution can restrain smaller conflicts, but it cannot prevent nations from abandoning their pledges in moments of fear. Its authority rests on a still-fragile cosmopolitan spirit.
A Peace MessageA Peace Message from "Last and First Men". Brotherhood on the Radio A moral gesture After London is bombed, the British Government announces that it will stop fighting and appeal directly to the French…
Brotherhood on the Radio A moral gesture After London is bombed, the British Government announces that it will stop fighting and appeal directly to the French people. The message imagines the two nations as complementary parts of a shared human culture. Hope overturned A later bombing kills a popular princess and inflames the public. The peace movement loses control, illustrating how one accident can undo years of political effort.
Federation Against FearFederation Against Fear from "Last and First Men". Europe Consolidates Common danger The destruction of Europe’s eastern territories strengthens the desire for continental coordination.
Europe Consolidates Common danger The destruction of Europe’s eastern territories strengthens the desire for continental coordination. European states surrender sovereignty and pool armaments through the European Confederacy. Incomplete solidarity A shared fear of American power helps create unity, but fear is not the same as trust. The federation remains vulnerable when cultural and political divisions re-emerge.
The World TreatyThe World Treaty from "Last and First Men". A Commercial Peace Secret negotiations American and Chinese representatives agree to overthrow their military governments and create a World Finance…
A Commercial Peace Secret negotiations American and Chinese representatives agree to overthrow their military governments and create a World Finance Directorate. Economic cooperation appears capable of ending a war desired by neither population. Cultural fracture A dispute about a woman and the meaning of social reform revives contempt between the negotiators. The treaty is signed, but its unity depends on a political compromise rather than mutual understanding.
A Unity Without RenewalA Unity Without Renewal from "Last and First Men". One Planet, One Routine Global organization The World Finance Directorate coordinates industry, and the planet becomes a single political and economic system.
One Planet, One Routine Global organization The World Finance Directorate coordinates industry, and the planet becomes a single political and economic system. Material comfort and medical improvements make daily life safer. Spiritual stagnation The world’s unity serves a narrow worship of movement and progress. With criticism restricted and ends left unquestioned, the unified society cannot adapt when its essential fuel disappears.
Following the European War
During the Anglo-French War
After the Russo-German War
In the twenty-sixth year of the East–West War
During the First World State Era