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France

Les Choses humaines

France is not merely the setting for the Farel family’s story. It is a home whose promises of safety and belonging are repeatedly tested: by antisemitic violence, by the strain of migration and return, and by a criminal case whose investigation and trial unfold amid intense public scrutiny. The novel makes the country a lived geography of institutions and relationships, where private decisions acquire national and communal stakes.

Home, belonging, and rupture

Adam Wizman grows up in Paris in a close-knit Jewish family whose North African parents came to France in the early 1960s. After earning a degree in modern literature at the Sorbonne, he takes a teaching post in Toulouse, marries Valérie Berdah, and has two daughters. Their family life is shaped by education, Jewish community, and the hope that their children will have opportunities denied to the previous generation.

That sense of rootedness is broken by the 2012 attack on the Jewish school attended by Adam and Valérie’s daughters. Three children and a father are killed. The family removes the girls from the school immediately, then leaves France for Israel with relatives and others traumatized by the attack. The move is not described as a settled solution but as a response to the fear that Jewish life in Europe may again become unsafe. Adam’s reading of Georges Perec’s A Void, and his account of how removing a single letter can alter a text, give that fear a particular resonance: he sees the possibility of disappearance as an ever-present anxiety for Jews.

The family’s six months in Ra’anana do not produce the belonging Adam expected. Though deeply attached to the land, he feels that integration would require him to deform himself. The constant familiarity of life among other Jews offers none of the solidarity he feels when encountering Jews abroad; he is also troubled by the political disengagement he perceives among French emigrants, especially their acceptance of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as an unchangeable reality. The family returns to France, disappointed by the failed move. Adam resumes work as a French teacher in a Jewish school, and the family’s social life becomes largely communal.

Repeated violence and the pressure to stay

The return does not erase the reasons for leaving. In January 2015, the killings at Charlie Hebdo and the Hyper Cacher supermarket at Porte de Vincennes renew Adam’s fear. For three days he cannot work and remains at home with his wife and daughters, the shutters closed. The narrative presents shared vulnerability as a force binding the family together, even as Adam’s relationship with Claire Farel draws him toward a different life.

That affair exposes the conflict between personal desire and communal responsibility. Adam experiences his life with Claire as a challenge to the placidity of his marriage, but leaving his family would also mean risking exclusion and shame. He has been raised with the idea that, as a Jew, he has duties to a people whose survival must be ensured. The novel therefore connects his hesitation not only to marriage or romance but to a history of transmission and survival in a hostile environment. After a year, he finally tells his family that he is leaving, a decision made against the backdrop of the violence that has already forced them to reconsider whether France can remain home.

France as a contested public space

The country’s public life is also a setting for conflict over speech and interpretation. When Claire is attacked online after an interview about sexual violence in Cologne, she reads insults accusing her of Islamophobia and of representing a privileged, exclusionary feminism. She agrees to a radio debate because she wants to denounce rape culture and address misunderstandings about her writing, not to seek publicity. France is shown here through the collision of public argument with social-media outrage: an attempt at discussion is recast as a test of political allegiance, and Claire fears that her ideas have been reduced and distorted.

The novel does not treat these tensions as separate from the family’s private crisis. When Alexandre Farel is arrested on a rape complaint, the case becomes public within hours through a report by Agence France-Presse. The allegation intersects with the controversy around Claire’s interview, and the family receives insults and death threats while knowing little about the case. In the novel’s account, the same communications networks that amplify debates about violence also transform a pending investigation into a reputational crisis before a trial has established its findings.

Institutions, trial, and social consequences

The legal process is anchored in identifiable French places and procedures. Police come to the Paris apartment where Alexandre is staying, question him, and begin a search. The investigation includes a complainant’s account, medical examinations, forensic testing, and a search of the location she identified; investigators also recover the yellow underwear she described. The evidence establishes that sexual intercourse occurred, while experts disagree about whether it was coerced. These procedural steps make France’s justice system a sequence of encounters in which testimony, forensic findings, and expert interpretation are assembled into a case.

After police custody, Alexandre is placed under judicial supervision. He may live outside prison, but he cannot approach the complainant or leave the country; as a result, he gives up his studies at Stanford and the possibility of pursuing his plans in the United States. Over the two years of the investigation, summonses and assessments interrupt ordinary life. An attempt to have the case reclassified as sexual assault rather than rape fails, and a financial agreement does not end the proceedings. Later, after Alexandre approaches Mila Wizman in Paris and is arrested, his judicial supervision is revoked and he is imprisoned at Fresnes.

The trial at the Paris courthouse makes the case a public spectacle as well as a legal proceeding. Women gather outside with signs invoking #MeToo and the end of silence; the case is discussed in the context of the disclosures following the Weinstein scandal. Inside, the defendant is brought into a glass enclosure before journalists, spectators, lawyers, and jurors. The courtroom’s spatial divisions—the enclosed defendant, the public benches, and the formal roles of witnesses and counsel—give visible form to the competing claims made about justice, evidence, and exposure.

Public judgment and the limits of national belonging

At trial, the prosecutor distinguishes the uncontested fact that a sexual encounter occurred from the dispute over how it happened and why Alexandre acted as he did. The defense, meanwhile, argues that media coverage has damaged his presumption of innocence and his prospects for education and work. Its account emphasizes consequences including his lost place in engineering studies, abandoned plans to attend Stanford, and isolation in prison. These are presented as arguments within the trial, not as a substitute for the court’s assessment of the accusation.

The family’s experience after the verdict keeps the national setting morally unsettled. Jean Farel shows no emotion as the verdict is announced, then leaves without commenting to journalists. Outside, a protester condemns the result as protective of a white man with a promising future. The scene places legal judgment alongside public disagreement rather than allowing either to close the question of justice. Across the book, France is at once a place of home and community, a site from which a Jewish family flees and to which it returns, and the institutional arena in which intimate harm, legal uncertainty, political speech, and public stigma converge.