Nationalism and Nazi Expansion

Munich

Hartmann’s distinction between German national aspirations and Nazi aggression collapses as conquest, racial ideology and persecution become inseparable.

increasing

Bearing strength in each event

decreasing

The Greater Germany Ideal The Greater Germany Ideal from "Munich". Patriotism and Ambiguity National Feeling Hartmann believes that German national identity has been humiliated and that political unity can be legitimate.

The Greater Germany Ideal from "Munich". Patriotism and Ambiguity National Feeling Hartmann believes that German national identity has been humiliated and that political unity can be legitimate.

Patriotism and Ambiguity National Feeling Hartmann believes that German national identity has been humiliated and that political unity can be legitimate. A Dangerous Overlap His friends struggle to distinguish his nationalism from the movement that appropriates it.

The Anschluss Precedent The Anschluss Precedent from "Munich". Expansion Without War A Bloodless Success The incorporation of Austria strengthens the regime and increases the pressure on Czechoslovakia.

The Anschluss Precedent from "Munich". Expansion Without War A Bloodless Success The incorporation of Austria strengthens the regime and increases the pressure on Czechoslovakia.

Expansion Without War A Bloodless Success The incorporation of Austria strengthens the regime and increases the pressure on Czechoslovakia. A Lesson for Hitler The achievement persuades many Germans that expansion can proceed without the risks of open war.

The Sudetenland Next The Sudetenland Next from "Munich". Unity Becomes a Pretext An Ethnic Claim Hitler presents the Sudeten question as a final correction to the European settlement.

The Sudetenland Next from "Munich". Unity Becomes a Pretext An Ethnic Claim Hitler presents the Sudeten question as a final correction to the European settlement.

Unity Becomes a Pretext An Ethnic Claim Hitler presents the Sudeten question as a final correction to the European settlement. Hartmann’s Alarm Hartmann increasingly sees that the claim is a stepping stone rather than a limit to German expansion.

A Record of Conquest A Record of Conquest from "Munich". Expansion Stated Privately Strategic Intent The Hossbach record describes Hitler’s reasoning about territory, resources and force.

A Record of Conquest from "Munich". Expansion Stated Privately Strategic Intent The Hossbach record describes Hitler’s reasoning about territory, resources and force.

Expansion Stated Privately Strategic Intent The Hossbach record describes Hitler’s reasoning about territory, resources and force. The Argument Reframed The document makes clear that the Sudeten demand belongs to a broader programme, not a final settlement.

A Distinction Abandoned A Distinction Abandoned from "Munich". No Longer Separable Leyna’s Persecution Hartmann tells Legat about Leyna’s imprisonment, abuse and Jewish identity.

A Distinction Abandoned from "Munich". No Longer Separable Leyna’s Persecution Hartmann tells Legat about Leyna’s imprisonment, abuse and Jewish identity.

No Longer Separable Leyna’s Persecution Hartmann tells Legat about Leyna’s imprisonment, abuse and Jewish identity. Moral Recognition He concludes that the regime’s antisemitism is not an isolated defect but evidence of what its politics permit.

Hartmann’s Oxford years and early career

March 1938

September 1938

29 September 1938, night

30 September 1938, pre-dawn