Fortune and Reversal
The Last DuelThe book repeatedly contrasts effort and status with the unpredictable reversals of disease, war, patronage, combat, and royal instability.
increasing
Bearing strength in each event
decreasing
A World Ruled by Fortune

A World Ruled by Fortune
Instability as ordinary life
War, plague, political division, and sudden death shape the world before the main case begins. Individuals make plans within forces they cannot control.
Fortunes change quickly
A noble’s wealth and influence can rise through patronage or collapse through a lost inheritance. The book makes reversals part of the social landscape.
Le Gris’s Rise

Le Gris’s Rise
Favor becomes wealth
Le Gris gains an estate, office, and access to royal circles. His rise appears to confirm that connections and usefulness can overcome modest beginnings.
Success breeds rivalry
The same prosperity provokes Jean’s jealousy and suspicion. Advancement is never purely personal; it changes relations among competing nobles.
Jean’s Reversals

Jean’s Reversals
Repeated setbacks
Jean loses Bellême, yields purchased lands, and returns from Scotland sick and poor. His military service does not reliably secure wealth or patronage.
A title amid failure
He earns knighthood but remains financially vulnerable. The mixed result shows how achievement and disappointment can coexist.
Fortune on the Field

Fortune on the Field
Chance becomes decisive
Jean’s illness and wound threaten defeat, while Le Gris has greater size and health. Yet the squire’s withdrawal and Jean’s improvised throw reverse the fight.
An outcome mistaken for certainty
The crowd reads victory as divine judgment. The sequence also displays how chance and skill can produce a result that people later mistake for proof.
A King’s Reversal

A King’s Reversal
Sovereignty interrupted
Charles VI, recently ruling more independently, suffers a sudden episode of insanity during a campaign. His authority and capacity are abruptly changed.
Fortune beyond the duel
The king’s condition repeats the book’s concern with uncertain power. Even the ruler who presided over the duel cannot master his own future.
Opening historical setting
1378–1381
1382–1385
29 December 1386
August 1392