The Uses of Political Speech
The Plot Against AmericaPublic rhetoric alternately reassures, legitimizes prejudice, raises alarms, and helps restore constitutional government.
increasing
Bearing strength in each event
decreasing
Lindbergh’s Simple Slogan

Lindbergh’s Simple Slogan
A reassuring choice
Charles A. Lindbergh reduces the election to a choice between himself and war.
The slogan turns neutrality into a promise of safety and avoids confronting the costs of accommodation.
Rhetoric as power
Its simplicity makes a complex danger politically attractive.
Bengelsdorf’s Defense

Bengelsdorf’s Defense
Legitimacy through a rabbi
Lionel Bengelsdorf tells audiences that Lindbergh’s actions are compatible with Jewish loyalty and American democracy.
His religious authority reassures non-Jewish voters and divides Jewish listeners.
Speech as permission
The novel shows how a trusted voice can make prejudice easier to overlook.
Winchell’s Alarm

Winchell’s Alarm
Warning as performance
Walter Winchell uses radio and print to expose anti-Semitism and attack the administration.
His vivid language keeps danger in public view, but opponents portray it as panic-making.
A contested messenger
His credibility and excesses become inseparable from the warnings he delivers.
La Guardia’s Eulogy

La Guardia’s Eulogy
A public indictment
At Walter Winchell’s funeral, Fiorello La Guardia contrasts the murdered dissenter with Lindbergh’s admired public image.
His question, Where Is Lindbergh?, turns presidential silence into evidence of political failure.
Grief becomes argument
The funeral uses public mourning to challenge a national narrative.
Anne’s Constitutional Appeal

Anne’s Constitutional Appeal
A competing public voice
Anne Morrow Lindbergh broadcasts a measured demand for lawful process and the release of political detainees.
Her appeal invokes constitutional authority against Wheeler’s emergency claims.
Words restore possibility
Speech that once concealed danger now helps reopen a route to democratic government.
summer 1940
October 1940
1940 through summer 1942
October 6, 1942
October 16, 1942