Eason's Birth Control Article Controversy
Angela's AshesThe Eason’s birth-control article affair is a censorship episode in which a government-ordered attempt to remove a page from John O’London’s Weekly gives the forbidden material a new value. Frank and other messengers are sent across Limerick to tear out page sixteen, which concerns birth control and is banned in Ireland. They quietly retain copies, sell them to eager customers, and Frank sets aside eight pounds for his passage to America. The episode joins institutional panic, popular curiosity, and Frank’s practical effort to finance his escape from Limerick.
The order to remove page sixteen
Mr. McCaffrey summons Frank to the office during an emergency. The company is supposed to have had Halvey available, but he has gone on holiday; McCaffrey therefore sends Frank and Eamon to shops throughout Limerick. They are to take every copy of John O’London’s Weekly they can find, tear out page sixteen, and return the pages so they can be burned. McCaffrey instructs them to present the operation as government business if anyone challenges them.
The assignment is driven by the discovery that the page discusses birth control, which is banned in Ireland. McCaffrey describes its contents as material unfit for Irish readers and frames the removal as religious service. Yet the boys’ matter-of-fact understanding of the page’s subject contrasts with the official language of moral emergency: the order suppresses a specific article, but the commotion surrounding it advertises that there is something people want to read.
A public campaign becomes farce
McCaffrey leads the route in a van, entering shops with the boys and distributing magazines for them to strip. Shopkeepers protest that the magazines have been mutilated and threaten to call the guards; McCaffrey answers that he is following government orders and doing God’s work. When challenged to show the supposed filth, he refuses, saying he cannot explain it and urging the group onward.
The campaign does not proceed as a clean exercise of authority. In one shop, Mr. Hutchinson, the magazine’s largest customer, throws McCaffrey into the street after he persists in tearing out pages. McCaffrey casts the confrontation as evidence of Hutchinson’s religious exclusion, while Hutchinson rejects the interference. Other shopkeepers say their copies have already been sold, and McCaffrey asks for the buyers’ names and addresses so he can pursue the remaining pages. Their refusal to cooperate leaves the effort increasingly absurd: the officials are trying to erase an article while drawing attention to its circulation.
Frank and Eamon exploit the disorder. When McCaffrey is occupied arguing with a shopkeeper, they hide some of the real pages in their shirts. They also tear pages from old magazines in the van and scatter them among the seized material, so McCaffrey will believe that every loose page came from the targeted issue. On the return journey Eamon says he has twenty-one pages; Frank reports fourteen, although he has more than forty and chooses not to disclose the full amount. The distinction between the official tally and the boys’ concealed stock is the hinge on which the suppression operation turns into a private trade.
From forbidden reading to a market
By Monday, Limerick residents have heard about the page and stop Frank as he makes deliveries on the Eason’s messenger bicycle to ask whether they can obtain a copy. Eamon sets a minimum price of five shillings and warns Frank not to undercut him; he also insists that Peter must receive something, since otherwise Peter may expose the scheme to McCaffrey. The boys’ prices reflect the sudden scarcity produced by the attempted confiscation, not any ordinary sale of the magazine.
Some customers are willing to pay seven shillings and sixpence. Within two days Frank has earned more than ten pounds, less the one pound allotted to Peter. The buyers include well-off people who frequent places such as the Savoy or the Stella, figures whose outward respectability contrasts with their eagerness to acquire the censored page. The incident gives the article a circulation that the official campaign was meant to prevent, while turning the messenger boys into sellers of material they had been ordered to destroy.
Frank’s proceeds and departure plans
Frank puts eight pounds of his earnings in the post office toward the fare to America. At home, the money also changes the immediate circumstances: the family has a substantial supper of ham, tomatoes, bread, butter, and jam. His mother asks whether he has won the sweepstakes, and he says people have given him tips. She dislikes his work as a messenger boy, which she regards as a low position in Limerick, but accepts the income when it brings food into the house. She does not know that the fare money is accumulating or how Frank is earning it.
The savings belong to a longer history of departure and separation. Frank’s father had gone to England for factory work in Coventry, promising to send money, but after an initial three-pound postal order the remittances stopped. The household was left to manage without the expected support. Frank’s eight pounds therefore come not from a steady family income but from a brief, risky opportunity created by the censorship drive, and they become part of his independent route toward emigration.
When Frank later asks about passage, the travel agent explains that flying to America via London would cost a fortune, but offers him a place on the Irish Oak, sailing from Cork in a few weeks. The fare is fifty-five pounds for a nine-day voyage, with a cabin and meals included. Frank says he has the money. He tells his mother that he is leaving, and she cries; his brother Michael asks whether the family will all go someday. The illicit sales are not the entire cost of the crossing, but the eight pounds he sets aside mark a concrete step toward the journey.
Censorship, class, and narrative significance
The episode makes censorship self-defeating. The instruction to remove and burn a page turns it into a scarce object; the frantic shop-to-shop operation spreads word of its existence, and customers pursue it precisely because it has been forbidden. The boys’ concealment of pages and substitution of irrelevant ones expose the gap between McCaffrey’s public claim to have saved Limerick from the article and the private outcome: the article survives, while the office burns pages that have nothing to do with it.
The buyers’ apparent social respectability adds another irony. People associated with the Savoy and the Stella, and with the manners and comforts that mark them as prosperous, are willing to pay several shillings for the censored material. Frank’s earnings briefly connect a forbidden article to food at home and to money reserved for a transatlantic fare. The affair thus marks both the comic limits of official moral authority and a practical shift in Frank’s life: he uses the confusion created by prohibition to build resources for leaving Ireland.