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Bad Faith in the Face of Death

Being and Nothingness

This thematic thread follows the temptation to treat death as either a chosen project or an external destiny that settles responsibility.

increasingupBearing stren­gth in each eventdowndecreasing
Death as a FutureDeath as a Future from "Being and Nothingness". Death as a Future The Temptation Death appears to offer a final horizon that could define a life in advance.
Death as a Future The Temptation Death appears to offer a final horizon that could define a life in advance. The person may try to treat it as the ultimate project. Difficulty A particular death can be imagined, but death in general cannot be lived as a determinate possibility belonging to the for-itself.
Preparing for an EndPreparing for an End from "Being and Nothingness". Preparing for an End An Attitude People can prepare for a threatened execution or illness.
Preparing for an End An Attitude People can prepare for a threatened execution or illness. Such preparation concerns a concrete danger and a project of how to meet it. General Death No comparable preparation can make death itself a chosen future. Its arrival remains outside the agent's control.
Death and the PastDeath and the Past from "Being and Nothingness". Death and the Past Objectification Death makes a person's life wholly past for others. It removes the possibility of revising one's actions from within.
Death and the Past Objectification Death makes a person's life wholly past for others. It removes the possibility of revising one's actions from within. External Meaning The living may call that fixed life a destiny, but this destiny belongs to the world of others, not to the dead person's freedom.
The Living Cannot KnowThe Living Cannot Know from "Being and Nothingness". The Living Cannot Know No Final Account A person's projects can be interrupted before their value is settled.
The Living Cannot Know No Final Account A person's projects can be interrupted before their value is settled. Survivors may interpret the remaining life, but they cannot complete it for its subject. Open History Even posthumous meanings remain subject to later historical projects and reinterpretations.
Mortality Without MasteryMortality Without Mastery from "Being and Nothingness". Mortality Without Mastery Factual Limit Death is an unavoidable contingent fact, not a possibility the for-itself can freely realize as its own end.
Mortality Without Mastery Factual Limit Death is an unavoidable contingent fact, not a possibility the for-itself can freely realize as its own end. Ethical Consequence Freedom remains responsible for its projects, but it cannot claim authorship of the time at which those projects are ended.
Part Four, Chapter Two, Section I
Part Four, Chapter Two, discussion of expectation
Part Four, Chapter Two, discussion of destiny
Part Four, Chapter Two, after the account of posthumous life
Part Four, Chapter Two, conclusion of death discussion