The Dream as Guardian of Sleep
The Interpretation of DreamsThis thread traces Freud's account of how dreams absorb bodily and external disturbances in order to preserve sleep.
increasing
Bearing strength in each event
decreasing
Stimuli Reach the Sleeper

Stimuli Reach the Sleeper
The outside world persists
Sounds, light, pressure, temperature, and bodily discomfort can reach a sleeper. Earlier theories treat these intrusions as major causes of dreams.
Several possible responses
A sleeper may ignore a stimulus, wake, feel it without dreaming, or incorporate it into a dream.
A Bell Becomes a Scene

A Bell Becomes a Scene
A sound is transformed
An alarm may appear as a church bell, sleigh bells, or breaking crockery within a dream. The stimulus enters a scene instead of ending sleep.
Interpretation remains selective
The external sound alone does not explain why the dream chooses a particular story.
The Wish to Keep Sleeping

The Wish to Keep Sleeping
A protective response
Freud proposes that a dream can reinterpret a stimulus in a way compatible with continued sleep. The dream acts as a guardian rather than an enemy of sleep.
A general function
Dreams of drinking or remaining in bed show the wish to avoid waking for a bodily need.
The Boil and the Horse

The Boil and the Horse
Pain translated into action
Freud dreams of riding while a painful boil troubles him. The dream's impossible activity denies the bodily condition and allows him to keep sleeping.
A compromise response
Pain supplies material; a wishful scene transforms it into something temporarily tolerable.
When the Dream Fails

When the Dream Fails
Disturbance overwhelms protection
A dream may become so distressing that it wakes the sleeper. In such cases the compromise between unconscious wishes and the wish to sleep breaks down.
A boundary case
Anxiety dreams force Freud to qualify the theory without abandoning its central claim.
During Chapter I's review of dream sources
In the alarm-clock examples
After the discussion of convenience dreams
During Freud's example of painful stimulation
In the discussion of anxiety dreams