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Anne of Avonlea

Publication and place in the series

Anne of Avonlea is a children’s novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery, who published as L. M. Montgomery. Issued by L. C. Page & Co. in September 1909, it is the first sequel to Anne of Green Gables (1908) and the second book in the Anne series. Set in the fictional village of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island, it follows Anne Shirley from the age of sixteen to eighteen, during the two years she teaches at the local school. The change in her role is central: the imaginative orphan who once entered a new household as a child now has work to do, pupils to guide, and a community in which she must make her own place.

Story and characters

Anne remains at Green Gables with Marilla Cuthbert and takes up teaching in Avonlea. Her classroom brings both comic difficulties and serious responsibilities; she must learn that caring for young people involves patience and judgment as well as affection. Outside school, she joins Gilbert Blythe and other villagers in forming the Avonlea Improvement Society, an effort to improve the community that produces a mixture of good intentions, disagreements, and humorous mishaps. The familiar village cast and several newcomers make the book a lively portrait of shared rural life rather than a story driven by one continuous crisis.

Family life changes when Marilla takes in the orphaned Keith twins, Davy and Dora. Their very different temperaments bring fresh demands to Green Gables and give Anne experience in guiding children beyond the classroom. Among her pupils is Paul Irving, a boy with an imaginative cast of mind that Anne understands and encourages. She also meets Lavendar Lewis, who lives at Echo Lodge. Lavendar’s long-ago attachment and reunion with Stephen Irving add a reflective strand to the novel, inviting Anne—and the reader—to consider how memory and feeling shape adult lives. Mr. Harrison and other Avonlea residents contribute further episodes in which misunderstandings, neighborly help, and small acts of kindness reveal the character of the community. By the end of the book, Anne has gained confidence and a deeper sense of what her commitments mean, while the future remains open for the next stage of her story.

Themes and legacy

A central concern is the passage from girlhood toward adulthood without losing one’s capacity for wonder. Anne continues to perceive beauty and possibility in ordinary surroundings, but teaching and family responsibilities require her to turn generous feeling into sustained action. The novel also explores education, belonging, friendship, intergenerational care, and the way a community can shape—and be improved by—its members. Its attention to everyday incidents is part of its design: lessons, visits, village projects, and children’s changing needs become occasions for humor and moral insight.

Montgomery drew on the rural Prince Edward Island setting and community life that were familiar from her own experience growing up on the island. The book followed the remarkable reception of Anne of Green Gables and extended Anne’s life beyond the childhood story, allowing readers to encounter her as a teacher and an active participant in village affairs. Its episodic structure also reflects Montgomery’s skill at creating memorable scenes and individual characters within a continuing narrative. The novel remains an important part of a series that has been translated and adapted for readers and viewers around the world. Its enduring appeal lies in its affectionate humor, richly observed community, and recognition that growing up involves not abandoning imagination but learning how to live by it responsibly.

About the Author

Lucy Maud Montgomery

Early life and education

Lucy Maud Montgomery was born on November 30, 1874, in Clifton, on Prince Edward Island, Canada; the settlement is now called New London. She published under the name L. M. Montgomery and was known to friends as Maud. Her mother, Clara Woolner Macneill, died of tuberculosis when Montgomery was about twenty-one months old. Her father, Hugh John Montgomery, eventually moved west, and Maud was raised chiefly by her maternal grandparents, Alexander and Lucy Woolner Macneill, in Cavendish. An only child in an elderly household, she found companionship in books, nature, imaginative play, and writing. She began keeping a journal and writing poetry as a child. Visits with relatives and cousins, along with the island’s farms, shorelines, and village life, helped form the landscape and social world that would recur throughout her fiction.

Montgomery attended local schools and continued her education at Prince of Wales College in Charlottetown, where she earned a teaching certificate. In 1895–96 she studied at Dalhousie University in Halifax. She taught in Prince Edward Island schools and also worked in journalism. Her early writing life involved persistent submission and rejection, but she kept writing while developing the observation, descriptive skill, and narrative voice that became hallmarks of her novels. The publication of Anne of Green Gables in 1908 brought her immediate and lasting recognition. Its imaginative orphan, Anne Shirley, became her best-known creation and established Montgomery as a major writer of children’s literature.

Books, family, and reputation

Montgomery continued Anne’s story in Anne of Avonlea (1909), Anne of the Island (1915), and later volumes in the series. Her other novels show the breadth of her work: The Story Girl (1911) and The Golden Road (1913) return to island childhood and community; the Emily trilogy comprises Emily of New Moon (1923), Emily Climbs (1925), and Emily’s Quest (1927); and Jane of Lantern Hill appeared in 1937. She also wrote many short stories, poems, essays, and works of nonfiction. Across her career she produced a substantial body of fiction, much of it attentive to childhood, family relationships, women’s choices, rural communities, and the emotional meaning of place.

In 1911 Montgomery married Ewen Macdonald, a Presbyterian minister. They settled in Leaskdale, Ontario, where she lived for many years while continuing to write and raise their three sons. Her literary career remained active alongside the demands of family and a minister’s household. She was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1935. Montgomery died in Toronto on April 24, 1942, aged sixty-seven.

Her reputation rests not only on the popularity of Anne but also on her vivid characterization, humor, detailed natural settings, and sustained attention to the inner lives of girls and women. The Anne books have been translated, reprinted, and adapted for stage and screen, giving the red-haired heroine a life far beyond the original audience. Montgomery is now regarded as one of Canada’s best-loved authors, while her journals, letters, poetry, and less familiar novels continue to deepen understanding of a persistent and prolific writer whose imaginative island world has traveled internationally.

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