The Theme of Relativity and Time Dilation
Project Hail MaryThe novel explores the effects of relativity on the characters' experiences and perceptions of time.
increasing
Bearing strength in each event
decreasing
The Relativistic Journey

The Time Dilation
Grace's Journey
Grace experiences time dilation on the way to Tau Ceti. The journey takes 3 years and 9 months from his perspective, but 13 years pass on Earth. He is younger than his peers when he returns (if he returns).
Rocky's Journey
Rocky experienced 3 years on his journey, but 46 years passed on Erid due to his higher velocity. He is even more out of sync. The concept of time is central to the story.
The Explanation
Grace explains relativity to Rocky, who initially does not understand. The Eridians assumed Newtonian physics. Grace's knowledge is essential for their navigation and planning.
The Effect on Relationships

The Lost Years
Grace's Isolation
Grace's time dilation means he will never see his students again as children. He will be a generation older when he returns. This is a source of melancholy.
Rocky's Decades Alone
Rocky spent 46 years alone in the Tau Ceti system. This is a staggering amount of time. His patience and sanity are a testament to his character.
The Final Disconnect
Grace ends up on Erid, where he ages while Earth continues. He is permanently separated from his home world by time. The theme of relativity underscores the sacrifices made.
During the interstellar travel
Throughout the story