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New York City

Barkskins

New York City is the setting for James Duke and Posey’s honeymoon, a trip that brings the couple’s private expectations into collision with family obligations and James’s business anxieties. The city is not merely a destination: its crowded streets and hurried movement frame a visit in which James has little privacy, first from Posey’s father, Phineas Breeley, and then from the difficult negotiations of his new marriage.

The Honeymoon’s Unwanted Companion

Posey wanted her father to see New York and to accompany the newlyweds in a place where they knew no one. James, meanwhile, had kept the impending wedding from his cousins and had avoided inviting them to the ceremony or celebratory dinner. He feared their reaction to his connection with a New Brunswick lumberman, and Breeley’s arrival made the family and business implications harder to contain. On the wedding day, Breeley announced that he was ready for the shivaree and their “Grand Trip”; James responded by offering to put the older man’s sore-footed horse out to pasture while they toured the city.

Breeley treated his daughter’s marriage as a connection to Duke & Sons. He anticipated having “Woods Talk” with James and spoke as if he would join the firm, praising its Maine pineries and imagining that they would make a substantial pile of boards. His confidence alarmed James, who imagined how his cousins would react if they discovered that Breeley considered himself one of them. The visit therefore carried a business tension beneath its family hospitality: James needed to make clear that marrying Posey had not made her father a partner.

Lodgings and the Streets

The party reached a Georgian inn at nearly two o’clock. American elms stood in front, and the building was set far enough from the street that the clatter of hooves and wheels did not prevent conversation. James was relieved that Breeley’s room lay down the hall from the suite he had reserved for himself and Posey. Even so, Breeley followed them upstairs, inspected their room as if he might share it, and called for them to meet him under the elms an hour later to begin exploring New York.

The city’s streets made their own forceful impression. On a long walk, James and Posey moved through deep horse manure, dodged pigs, passed a platform said to have served as a slave market, and hurried by cattle pens and slaughterhouses. Vacant lots were piled with animal waste, while carts and horses filled the streets. The account also draws attention to dead and dying horses lying by the curbs, an urban cost that the human traffic seems to pass by rather than remedy.

These conditions did not keep the couple from dining out. At the Red Cow Tavern they ate roast bear and mashed turnips, then accepted the offer of a rare pineapple newly arrived from the Bahamas. The fruit, served sliced on pale blue dishes, is a vivid counterpoint to the surrounding filth and flies: a delicacy enjoyed amid the difficulty of keeping insects away from the table. After dinner they passed noisy taverns on the way back to the Four Elms. Breeley said he would walk about for another hour and left them at the hotel, giving James and Posey a temporary interval alone.

Marriage and Negotiated Boundaries

That privacy did not make the wedding night conform to James’s expectations. Posey’s forceful approach left him exhausted and marked by the encounter; the following morning he went gingerly from the bedroom to the parlor, where he took biscuits, butter, strawberry jam, and coffee near a window overlooking the elms. Breeley entered, poured himself an overfull cup, and noticed the effects of the night. The scene brings the father’s intrusion into the newlyweds’ intimate life into direct view, while revealing how sharply James and Posey differ in their assumptions about intimacy.

James insisted that he would not have a violent wife and called for them to discuss what had happened. He believed in reason, though the circumstances made that belief difficult to sustain. The couple eventually walked out alone, at James’s impassioned request that Breeley stay behind, and spent three and a half hours in questions, hesitant answers, temper, tears, scorn, and disappointment. Their resolution was practical rather than uncomplicated: Posey would have her own suite; they would agree in advance on when James would visit the matrimonial bed; he would not question her if she invited another person; and she would not use violence to get her way. They would try to live happily, though James recognized that it would take effort.

The Visit’s Resolution and Significance

The agreement extended beyond the marriage bed to the problem that had shadowed the journey. One week after the couple returned to Boston, Breeley was to find his own quarters or go back to New Brunswick. James held firm on that point and pledged money toward the purchase of a house for him; he also made divorce the alternative. New York thus becomes the place where James tries to turn two entanglements—Breeley’s presumed entry into the family business and the couple’s conflicting expectations—into explicit terms.

The settlement does not make the marriage transparent. James does not ask Posey about her childhood relations with her father, and she does not ask him about his late-night visit to the Taunton farm. Their new rules address the immediate conflict while leaving consequential questions untouched. The city’s crowded, noisy public world and the couple’s carefully negotiated private arrangements stand in contrast: amid ceaseless movement, James seeks control through distance, schedules, and conditions, but the unresolved silences show the limits of that strategy.