The Law of Hospitality and Its Violations

The theme of xenia (hospitality) as a central moral code, both honored and violated throughout the poem.

increasingBearing stren­gth in each eventdecreasing

Violations by the Suitors

The Suitors' Abuse of Hospitality Feasting Without Return The suitors consume Odysseus's wealth without offering anything in return. Disrespect to Guests They abuse the disguised Odysseus, violating the code of hospitality. The Consequence Their violation leads to their destruction.

Good Hospitality: Phaeacians

The Phaeacians' Generosity Welcoming Odysseus Alcinous and Arete treat Odysseus with great honor, giving him gifts and an escort. The Feast and Games They entertain him with feasts and games. The Reward Their hospitality is rewarded by Odysseus's stories, but they are punished by Poseidon.

Good Hospitality: Eumaeus

The Swineherd's Kindness Sharing His Home Eumaeus welcomes the beggar and shares his meager food. Respect for Zeus He invokes Zeus, the god of hospitality. The Reward Eumaeus is rewarded with freedom and honor.

Violations by the Cyclops

Polyphemus's Inhospitality Eating Guests Polyphemus eats Odysseus's men instead of offering hospitality. Ignoring Zeus He claims the Cyclopes are stronger than the gods. The Punishment He is blinded and cursed.

Throughout the story

During Odysseus's stay in Scheria

After Odysseus's return to Ithaca

During the Cyclops episode